Defining Outputs and Outcomes: A Guide for Nonprofits

• 3 min read


Defining Outputs and Outcomes: A Guide for Nonprofits
Nonprofits do incredible work - but to truly understand and demonstrate the value of that work, you need to measure it effectively. That starts with clearly defining your outputs and outcomes.

📦 What Are Outputs?

Outputs are the direct, tangible products of your activities. They’re easy to count and are usually the first things you measure when evaluating a program.

Think of outputs as the answer to: ‘What did we do?’

  • Number of food boxes distributed
  • Number of classes or workshops held
  • Number of clients served

Outputs are important because they track the reach and scale of your programs. But by themselves, they don’t tell you whether your work made a difference. That’s where outcomes come in.

🎯 What Are Outcomes?

Outcomes measure the change that happens as a result of your work. They reflect how your services impact clients’ knowledge, behavior, skills, conditions, or well-being.

Outcomes answer the question: ‘What changed because of what we did?’

  • Clients secured and retained employment after job training
  • Families moved from temporary to stable housing
  • Students showed improved grades or school attendance

Outcomes are more difficult to measure than outputs, but they’re critical for proving your nonprofit’s effectiveness, securing ongoing funding, and expanding your reach.

🧠 How to Define Outputs and Outcomes for Your Nonprofit

Here’s a step-by-step approach:

  • Start with your programs: List out what services you offer.
  • Identify your activities: What are the key things your staff and volunteers do?
  • Define outputs: What does each activity produce that you can count?
  • Define outcomes: What change should happen for the people you serve?
  • Make them measurable: Use SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-Bound) goals and indicators to track progress over time.

🛠 How NPO App Makes It Easier

  • Custom Forms: Build intake forms, program tracking tools, and outcome assessments that reflect your specific needs.
  • Real-Time Reporting: Instantly view outputs (like number of sessions held) and outcomes (like client progress over time).
  • Dashboards: Visualize trends and performance metrics across programs and time periods.
  • Unified Data: Everything lives in one place - no more jumping between spreadsheets and siloed apps.
  • Free Customization: We tailor the system to match how your nonprofit operates, at no cost to you (up to a $15K value).

📣 Tell Your Story with Confidence

Outputs show your reach. Outcomes show your impact. Both are essential - but managing them doesn’t have to be hard.

With NPO App, you can streamline your tracking, simplify your reporting, and finally have the data you need to tell a powerful story about your work.

Let’s talk about how we can help you define success - and measure it every step of the way.

Abby Adams is the Social Media Director at NPO App. She writes regularly about everything from donor engagement and data strategy to emerging trends in nonprofit technology and data-driven storytelling to help organizations expand their impact. She’s driven by a simple belief: when nonprofits have the right technology and communication tools, they can change more lives - and tell better stories about how they’re doing it.

Follow Abby’s insights on the NPO App Blog or connect with her on LinkedIn to keep up with her latest posts.